然后加入‘bird’对象,布隆过滤器的内容并没有改变,因为‘bird’和‘fish’恰好拥有相同的哈希。
最后我们检查一堆对象('dog', 'fish', 'cat', 'bird', 'duck', 'emu')是不是已经被索引了。结果发现‘duck’返回True,2而‘emu’返回False。因为‘duck’的哈希恰好和‘dog’是一样的。
分词
下面一步我们要实现分词。 分词的目的是要把我们的文本数据分割成可搜索的最小单元,也就是词。这里我们主要针对英语,因为中文的分词涉及到自然语言处理,比较复杂,而英文基本只要用标点符号就好了。
下面我们看看分词的代码:
- def major_segments(s):
- """
- Perform major segmenting on a string. Split the string by all of the major
- breaks, and return the set of everything found. The breaks in this implementation
- are single characters, but in Splunk proper they can be multiple characters.
- A set is used because ordering doesn't matter, and duplicates are bad.
- """
- major_breaks = ' '
- last = -1
- results = set()
- # enumerate() will give us (0, s[0]), (1, s[1]), ...
- for idx, ch in enumerate(s):
- if ch in major_breaks:
- segment = s[last+1:idx]
- results.add(segment)
- last = idx
- # The last character may not be a break so always capture
- # the last segment (which may end up being "", but yolo)
- segment = s[last+1:]
- results.add(segment)
- return results
主要分割
主要分割使用空格来分词,实际的分词逻辑中,还会有其它的分隔符。例如Splunk的缺省分割符包括以下这些,用户也可以定义自己的分割符。
- ] < > ( ) { } | ! ; , ' " * s & ? + %21 %26 %2526 %3B %7C %20 %2B %3D -- %2520 %5D %5B %3A %0A %2C %28 %29
- def minor_segments(s):
- """
- Perform minor segmenting on a string. This is like major
- segmenting, except it also captures from the start of the
- input to each break.
- """
- minor_breaks = '_.'
- last = -1
- results = set()
- for idx, ch in enumerate(s):
- if ch in minor_breaks:
- segment = s[last+1:idx]
- results.add(segment)
- segment = s[:idx]
- results.add(segment)
- last = idx
- segment = s[last+1:]
- results.add(segment)
- results.add(s)
- return results
次要分割
次要分割和主要分割的逻辑类似,只是还会把从开始部分到当前分割的结果加入。例如“1.2.3.4”的次要分割会有1,2,3,4,1.2,1.2.3
- def segments(event):
- """Simple wrapper around major_segments / minor_segments"""
- results = set()
- for major in major_segments(event):
- for minor in minor_segments(major):
- results.add(minor)
- return results
分词的逻辑就是对文本先进行主要分割,对每一个主要分割在进行次要分割。然后把所有分出来的词返回。
我们看看这段 code是如何运行的:
- for term in segments('src_ip = 1.2.3.4'):
- print term
- src
- 1.2
- 1.2.3.4
- src_ip
- 3
- 1
- 1.2.3
- ip
- 2
- =
- 4
搜索
好了,有个分词和布隆过滤器这两个利器的支撑后,我们就可以来实现搜索的功能了。
(编辑:ASP站长网)
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