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UKTools：安装最新Linux内核的简便方法

发布时间：2018-08-13 03:09 所属栏目：117 来源：Prakash Subramanian
导读：技术沙龙 | 8月25日与多位资深技术大咖探讨小程序电商实战 Ubuntu 中有许多实用程序可以将 Linux 内核升级到最新的稳定版本。我们之前已经写过关于这些实用程序的文章，例如 Linux Kernel Utilities (LKU)、 Ubuntu Kernel Upgrade Utility (UKUU) 和 Ubuns
技术沙龙 | 8月25日与多位资深技术大咖探讨小程序电商实战

UKTools：安装最新Linux内核的简便方法

Ubuntu 中有许多实用程序可以将 Linux 内核升级到最新的稳定版本。我们之前已经写过关于这些实用程序的文章，例如 Linux Kernel Utilities (LKU)、 Ubuntu Kernel Upgrade Utility (UKUU) 和 Ubunsys。

另外还有一些其它实用程序可供使用。我们计划在其它文章中包含这些，例如 ubuntu-mainline-kernel.sh 和从主线内核手动安装的方式。

今天我们还会教你类似的使用工具 —— UKTools。你可以尝试使用这些实用程序中的任何一个来将 Linux 内核升级至最新版本。

最新的内核版本附带了安全漏洞修复和一些改进，因此，最好保持最新的内核版本以获得可靠、安全和更好的硬件性能。

有时候最新的内核版本可能会有一些漏洞，并且会导致系统崩溃，这是你的风险。我建议你不要在生产环境中安装它。

建议阅读：

  • Linux 内核实用程序（LKU）- 在 Ubuntu/LinuxMint 中编译，安装和更新最新内核的一组 Shell 脚本
  • Ukuu - 在基于 Ubuntu 的系统中安装或升级 Linux 内核的简便方法
  • 6 种检查系统上正在运行的 Linux 内核版本的方法

什么是 UKTools

UKTools 意思是 Ubuntu 内核工具，它包含两个 shell 脚本 ukupgrade 和 ukpurge。

ukupgrade 意思是 “Ubuntu Kernel Upgrade”，它允许用户将 Linux 内核升级到 Ubuntu/Mint 的最新稳定版本以及基于 kernel.ubuntu.com 的衍生版本。

ukpurge 意思是 “Ubuntu Kernel Purge”，它允许用户在机器中删除旧的 Linux 内核镜像或头文件，用于 Ubuntu/Mint 和其衍生版本。它将只保留三个内核版本。

此实用程序没有 GUI，但它看起来非常简单直接，因此，新手可以在没有任何问题的情况下进行升级。

我正在运行 Ubuntu 17.10，目前的内核版本如下：

  1. $ uname -a
  2. Linux ubuntu 4.13.0-39-generic #44-Ubuntu SMP Thu Apr 5 14:25:01 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

运行以下命令来获取系统上已安装内核的列表（Ubuntu 及其衍生产品）。目前我持有 7 个内核。

  1. $ dpkg --list | grep linux-image
  2. ii linux-image-4.13.0-16-generic 4.13.0-16.19 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
  3. ii linux-image-4.13.0-17-generic 4.13.0-17.20 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
  4. ii linux-image-4.13.0-32-generic 4.13.0-32.35 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
  5. ii linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic 4.13.0-36.40 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
  6. ii linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic 4.13.0-37.42 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
  7. ii linux-image-4.13.0-38-generic 4.13.0-38.43 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
  8. ii linux-image-4.13.0-39-generic 4.13.0-39.44 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
  9. ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-16-generic 4.13.0-16.19 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
  10. ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-17-generic 4.13.0-17.20 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
  11. ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-32-generic 4.13.0-32.35 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
  12. ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic 4.13.0-36.40 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
  13. ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic 4.13.0-37.42 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
  14. ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-38-generic 4.13.0-38.43 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
  15. ii linux-image-extra-4.13.0-39-generic 4.13.0-39.44 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
  16. ii linux-image-generic 4.13.0.39.42 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image

如何安装 UKTools

在 Ubuntu 及其衍生产品上，只需运行以下命令来安装 UKTools 即可。

在你的系统上运行以下命令来克隆 UKTools 仓库：

  1. $ git clone https://github.com/usbkey9/uktools

进入 uktools 目录：

  1. $ cd uktools

运行 Makefile 以生成必要的文件。此外，这将自动安装最新的可用内核。只需重新启动系统即可使用最新的内核。

  1. $ sudo make
  2. [sudo] password for daygeek:
  3. Creating the directories if neccessary
  4. Linking profile.d file for reboot message
  5. Linking files to global sbin directory
  6. Ubuntu Kernel Upgrade - by Mustafa Hasturk
  7. ------------------------------------------
  8. This script is based on the work of Mustafa Hasturk and was reworked by
  9. Caio Oliveira and modified and fixed by Christoph Kepler
  10.  
  11. Current Development and Maintenance by Christoph Kepler
  12.  
  13. Do you want the Stable Release (if not sure, press y)? (y/n): y
  14. Do you want the Generic kernel? (y/n): y
  15. Do you want to autoremove old kernel? (y/n): y
  16. no crontab for root
  17. Do you want to update the kernel automatically? (y/n): y
  18. Setup complete. Update the kernel right now? (y/n): y
  19. Reading package lists... Done
  20. Building dependency tree
  21. Reading state information... Done
  22. The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  23.  linux-headers-4.13.0-16 linux-headers-4.13.0-16-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-17 linux-headers-4.13.0-17-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-32 linux-headers-4.13.0-32-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-36
  24.  linux-headers-4.13.0-36-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-37 linux-headers-4.13.0-37-generic linux-image-4.13.0-16-generic linux-image-4.13.0-17-generic linux-image-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic
  25.  linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-16-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-17-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic
  26.  linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic
  27. Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
  28. The following additional packages will be installed:
  29.  lynx-common
  30. The following NEW packages will be installed:
  31.  lynx lynx-common
  32. 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 71 not upgraded.
  33. Need to get 1,498 kB of archives.
  34. After this operation, 5,418 kB of additional disk space will be used.
  35. Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 lynx-common all 2.8.9dev16-1 [873 kB]
  36. Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 lynx amd64 2.8.9dev16-1 [625 kB]
  37. Fetched 1,498 kB in 12s (120 kB/s)
  38. Selecting previously unselected package lynx-common.
  39. (Reading database ... 441037 files and directories currently installed.)
  40. Preparing to unpack .../lynx-common_2.8.9dev16-1_all.deb ...
  41. Unpacking lynx-common (2.8.9dev16-1) ...
  42. Selecting previously unselected package lynx.
  43. Preparing to unpack .../lynx_2.8.9dev16-1_amd64.deb ...
  44. Unpacking lynx (2.8.9dev16-1) ...
  45. Processing triggers for mime-support (3.60ubuntu1) ...
  46. Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.7) ...
  47. Processing 1 added doc-base file...
  48. Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.6.1-2) ...
  49. Setting up lynx-common (2.8.9dev16-1) ...
  50. Setting up lynx (2.8.9dev16-1) ...
  51. update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/lynx to provide /usr/bin/www-browser (www-browser) in auto mode
  52.  
  53. Cleaning old downloads in /tmp
  54.  
  55. Downloading the kernel's components...
  56. Checksum for linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb succeed
  57. Checksum for linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb succeed
  58. Checksum for linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb succeed
  59.  
  60. Downloading the shared kernel header...
  61. Checksum for linux-headers-4.16.7-041607_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_all.deb succeed
  62.  
  63. Installing Kernel and Headers...
  64. Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.16.7-041607.
  65. (Reading database ... 441141 files and directories currently installed.)
  66. Preparing to unpack .../linux-headers-4.16.7-041607_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_all.deb ...
  67. Unpacking linux-headers-4.16.7-041607 (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ...
  68. Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic.
  69. Preparing to unpack .../linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb ...
  70. Unpacking linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ...
  71. Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic.
  72. Preparing to unpack .../linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb ...
  73. Unpacking linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ...
  74. Selecting previously unselected package linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic.
  75. Preparing to unpack .../linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic_4.16.7-041607.201805021131_amd64.deb ...
  76. Unpacking linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ...
  77. Setting up linux-headers-4.16.7-041607 (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ...
  78. dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic:
  79.  linux-headers-4.16.7-041607-generic depends on libssl1.1 (>= 1.1.0); however:
  80.  Package libssl1.1 is not installed.
  81.  
  82. Setting up linux-modules-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ...
  83. Setting up linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ...
  84. I: /vmlinuz.old is now a symlink to boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic
  85. I: /initrd.img.old is now a symlink to boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic
  86. I: /vmlinuz is now a symlink to boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic
  87. I: /initrd.img is now a symlink to boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic
  88. Processing triggers for linux-image-unsigned-4.16.7-041607-generic (4.16.7-041607.201805021131) ...
  89. /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
  90. update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic
  91. /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
  92. Generating grub configuration file ...
  93. Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
  94. Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.16.7-041607-generic
  95. Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.16.7-041607-generic
  96. Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-39-generic
  97. Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-39-generic
  98. Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-38-generic
  99. Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-38-generic
  100. Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-37-generic
  101. Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic
  102. Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-36-generic
  103. Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-36-generic
  104. Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-32-generic
  105. Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-32-generic
  106. Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-17-generic
  107. Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-17-generic
  108. Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic
  109. Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-16-generic
  110. Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
  111. Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
  112. done
  113.  
  114. Thanks for using this script! Hope it helped.
  115. Give it a star: https://github.com/MarauderXtreme/uktools

重新启动系统以激活最新的内核。

  1. $ sudo shutdown -r now

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